Beijing olympics-fact sheet

1.The 2008 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad will be celebrated in Beijing, People’s Republic of China from August 8 to August 24, 2008.

2.Ten thousand, five hundred athletes are expected to compete in 302 events in 28 sports.

3.The Olympic games were awarded to Beijing after an exhaustive ballot of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on July 13, 2001.

4.The official logo of the games, titled “Dancing Beijing,” features a stylised calligraphic character jīng (京, meaning capital), referencing the host city.

5.The mascots of Beijing 2008 are the five Fuwa, each representing both a colour of the Olympic rings and a symbol of Chinese culture.The five Fuwa are named Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying, and Nini.

6.The Olympic slogan,

One World, One Dream

, calls upon the world to unite in the Olympic spirit.It was chosen from over 210,000 entries submitted from around the world.

7.A total of 37 venues will be used to host the events including 12 newly constructed venues.

8.Its largest architectural pieces will be the Beijing National Stadium, Beijing National Indoor Stadium, Beijing National Aquatics Centre, Olympic Green Convention Centre, Olympic Green, and Beijing Wukesong Culture & Sports Center.

9.The centrepiece of the 2008 Summer Olympics will be the Beijing National Stadium, nicknamed the “Bird nest” because of its nest-like skeletal structure.

10.During the games, 2,500 large-size buses and 4,500 minibuses will be operated by a total of 8,000 drivers to transport people across various venues.

11.The design of the Olympic Torch is based on traditional scrolls and uses a traditional Chinese design known as the “Propitious Clouds” (祥云). The torch is designed to remain lit in 65 kilometer per hour winds, and in rain of up to 50 millimeters per hour.

12.The relay, with the theme Journey of Harmony, is expected to last 130 days and carry the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi)—the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition began at the 1936 Berlin Games.

13.A total of 21,880 torchbearers have been selected from around the world by various organizations and entities.

14.The flame was carried to the top of Mount Everest on a 108 km (67 mi) long “highway” scaling the Tibetan side of the mountain especially built for the relay.

15.The opening ceremony of the Olympics in Beijing will be held in the Beijing National Stadium, and begin at 8:08pm CST (12:08 UTC) on 8 August 2008.

16.United States will bring about 600 competitors to the games, their largest Olympic team thus far. On the Other hand Afghanistan will be represented by just four competitors.

17.South African swimmer Natalie du Toit, five time gold medalist at the Athens Paralympics in 2004, has qualified to compete at the Beijing Olympics,thus making history by becoming the first amputee to qualify for the Olympic Games since Olivér Halassy in 1936. Natalia Partyka (who was born without a right forearm) will compete in Table Tennis for Poland.

18.The 2008 Olympics will see the return of 28 sports, and will hold 302 events (165 men’s events, 127 women’s events, and 10 mixed events), one event more in total than in Athens.

19.The Olympic motto “Citius, Altius, Fortius” is Latin for “Faster, Higher, Braver,” but is universally accepted to mean “Swifter, Higher, Stronger.”

Athens vs Beijing

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Beijing National Stadium -Technical View

20.Participating countries in Beijing Olympics with no. of participants
• Afghanistan (4)
• Albania (11)
• Algeria (
• American Samoa (4)
• Andorra (5)
• Angola (26)
• Antigua and Barbuda
• Argentina (13
• Armenia (25)
• Aruba (2)
• Australia (433)
• Austria (72)
• Azerbaijan (39)
• Bahamas (19)
• Bahrain (11)
• Bangladesh (5)
• Barbados (
• Belarus (20
• Belgium (94)
• Belize (3)
• Benin (3)
• Bermuda (6)
• Bhutan (2)
• Bolivia (6)
• Bosnia and Herzegovina (5)
• Botswana (2)
• Brazil (277)
• British Virgin Islands (2)
• Brunei (2)
• Bulgaria (72)
• Burkina Faso (4)
• Burundi (3)
• Cambodia (6)
• Cameroon (3)
• Canada (331)
• Cape Verde (3)
• Cayman Islands (3)
• Central African Republic (3)
• Chad (2)
• Chile (27)
• China (639)
• Chinese Taipei (80)
• Colombia (64)
• Comoros (3)
• DR Congo (2)
• Congo (3)
• Cook Islands (4)
• Costa Rica (6)
• Côte d’Ivoire
• Croatia (106)
• Cuba (149)
• Cyprus (17)
• Czech Republic (130)
• Denmark (83)
• Djibouti (4)
• Dominica
• Dominican Republic (23)
• Ecuador (25)
• Egypt (103)
• El Salvador (11)
• Equatorial Guinea (3)
• Eritrea (11)
• Estonia (47)
• Ethiopia (36)
• Fiji (6)
• Finland (55)
• France (323)
• FS Micronesia
• FYR Macedonia (7)
• Gabon (4)
• Gambia (3)
• Georgia (35)
• Germany (439)
• Ghana (9)
• Great Britain (313)
• Greece (159)
• Grenada (1)
• Guam (5)
• Guatemala (12)
• Guinea (1)
• Guinea-Bissau (3)
• Guyana (4)
• Haiti (1)
• Honduras (25)
• Hong Kong, China (34)
• Hungary (171)
• Iceland (26)
• India (57)
• Indonesia (24)
• Iran (55)
• Iraq (2)
• Ireland (54)
• Israel (43)
• Italy (344)
• Jamaica (56)
• Japan (351)
• Jordan (7)
• Kazakhstan (132)
• Kenya (56)
• Kiribati (3)
• South Korea (267)
• North Korea (63)
• Kuwait (6)
• Kyrgyzstan (21)
• Laos (4)
• Latvia (49)
• Lebanon (5)
• Lesotho (4)
• Liberia (3)
• Libya (7)
• Liechtenstein (2)
• Lithuania (69)
• Luxembourg (12)
• Madagascar (4)
• Malawi (4)
• Malaysia (27)
• Maldives (4)
• Mali (12)
• Malta (6)
• Marshall Islands (5)
• Mauritania (2)
• Mauritius (3)
• Mexico (85)
• Moldova (31)
• Monaco (2)
• Mongolia (29)
• Montenegro (17)
• Morocco (49)
• Mozambique (6)
• Myanmar (6)
• Namibia (9)
• Nauru (1)
• Nepal (7)
• Netherlands (245)
• Netherlands Antilles (3)
• New Zealand (182)
• Nicaragua (6)
• Niger
• Nigeria (33)
• Norway (85)
• Oman (4)
• Pakistan (21)
• Palau (4)
• Palestine (4)
• Panama (3)
• Papua New Guinea (7)
• Paraguay (5)
• Peru (12)
• Philippines (15)
• Poland (26
• Portugal (7
• Puerto Rico (22)
• Qatar (22)
• Romania (102)
• Russia (467)
• Rwanda (4)
• Saint Kitts and Nevis
• Saint Lucia
• Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
• São Tomé and Príncipe (3)
• Samoa (6)
• San Marino (4)
• Saudi Arabia (16)
• Senegal (
• Serbia (92)
• Seychelles (
• Sierra Leone (2)
• Singapore (25)
• Slovakia (57)
• Slovenia (62)
• Solomon Islands (3)
• Somalia (2)
• South Africa (136)
• Spain (287)
• Sri Lanka (
• Sudan (9)
• Suriname (4)
• Swaziland (4)
• Sweden (97)
• Switzerland (84)
• Syria (7)
• Tajikistan (13)
• Tanzania
• Thailand (25)
• Timor-Leste (2)
• Togo (1)
• Tonga (3)
• Trinidad and Tobago (2
• Tunisia (32)
• Turkey (6
• Turkmenistan (10)
• Tuvalu (3)
• Uganda (11)
• Ukraine (54)
• United Arab Emirates (5)
• United States (596)
• Uruguay (12)
• Uzbekistan (5
• Vanuatu (3)
• Venezuela (109)
• Vietnam (21)
• Virgin Islands (5)
• Yemen (5)
• Zambia (7)
• Zimbabwe (13)

Origin Of Hockey

Origin of hockey
A crude form of hockey was played in Egypt 4,000 years ago, and in Ethiopia about 1000 BC. Various museums offer evidence that a form of the game was played by Romans and Greeks, and by the Aztec Indians in South America several centuries before Columbus landed in the New World. The modern game of hockey evolved in England in the mid-18th century, primarily in schools. Hockey made its first steps toward an international federation when in 1909 the Hockey Association in England and the Belgium Hockey Association agreed to regulate international hockey.

The French Association followed soon after. Hockey took its most important step forward in 1924 when the International Hockey Federation, the world governing body for the sport, was founded in Paris under the initiative of Frenchman Paul Léautey. Mr Léautey, who became the first president of the federation, was moved to action after hockey’s omission from the 1924 Paris Olympic Games. The women’s game developed quickly in many countries and in 1927, the International Federation of Women’s Hockey Associations (IFWHA) was formed. The founding members were Australia, Denmark, England, Ireland, Scotland, South Africa, the United States of America and Wales. The two organisations united in 1982 to form the FIH.
HOCKEY

The International Hockey Federation grew quickly after its formation. Denmark joined in 1925, the Dutch in 1926, Turkey in 1927, and in 1928 - the year of the Amsterdam Olympics - Germany, Poland, Portugal and India joined. India’s addition marked the membership of the first non-European country.
By 1964, 50 countries were affiliated with the FIH, as well as three continental associations - Africa, Pan-America and Asia. In 1974, there were 71 members. The International Hockey Federation now consists of five continental associations - Europe and Oceania have since joined - and 118 member associations.

Hockey today
The work of the International Hockey Federation is led by the FIH President, Secretary General and Treasurer, working together with an executive board, the FIH council, a number of instrumental committees, and the staff at its Lausanne headquarters. The FIH works in co-operation with both the national and continental organisations to ensure consistency and unity in hockey worldwide. The FIH not only regulates the sport, but is responsible for its development and promotion.

Hockey at the Olympics
Hockey has been an Olympic sport since 1908 and celebrates its 100 years at the Olympics in Beijing. The men’s competition has been on every Olympic program, except in 1912 and 1924. The women’s competition began in 1980. This year, 12 men’s and 12 women’s teams are participating.

INDIAN HOCKEY IN OLYMPICS

India first participated in Olympics in 1900 in Paris. The country was represented by Norman Pritchard, an Anglo Indian who was holidaying in Paris during that time. He bagged two silver medals in 200m. dash and 200m hurdles. Then after a gap of 20 years India again participated with two athletes in 1920 Antwerp Olympics and with eight members in 1924 Paris Olympics.

But the more organised, official representation by India, was made in 1928 Amsterdam, with the formation of Indian Olympic Association in 1927. Dorabji Tata was the first president and Dr A C Northern of Young Men’s Christian Association, Madras was the secretary. That year, Indian Hockey team participated in their first Olympic hockey event and won the gold medal under the captaincy of Jaipal Singh. For the next 6 successive Olympics spanning 28 years from 1928-1956, Indians retained their gold medal for the hockey event. Hockey wizard Dhyan Chand played a major role in Indian victory in the first three successive wins. It was definitely the golden era of Indian Hockey in Olympics, during which India played 24 matches and won all 24, scored 178 goals (at an average of 7.43 goals per match) and conceded only 7 goals. India again won two more gold medals in Olympic hockey in the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1980 Moscow Olympics.

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